When the subcutaneous and intramuscular injection is necessary to observe the rules of asepsis:
- Wash hands with soap and water, doubly lathering;
- during assembly of the disposable syringe does not touchXia fingers syringe to the cannula when attaching thereto needle;
- Typesetting when the drug from ampools or bottle they must handle biMultiples cotton swab dipped in 70-degreenym alcohol;
- before the injection should be treated twice with injection site with a cotton swab moistenedGOVERNMENTAL 70-degree alcohol.
In case of violation of the rules of the patient at the injection site formed abscess – purulent inflammation of soft tissue to form a cavity filled with pus and demarcated from surrounding tissue memebrane. The patient complains of pain and swelling at the injection site. Visually, – redness of the skin in the IUste injection, tenderness, povytemperature rise at the injection site, sometimes povyshenie patient’s body temperature. This complication requires surgical intervention.
When performing a blunt needle injection.
- When using a short needle (for undercutaneous injection) when the vnutrimyshechhydrochloric injection drug thus introduced causes strong chemical stimulation of tissue, prolonged absorption.
- Inaccurate range of injection sites, frequent inprojections in the same place.
- The introduction of drugs into the pack placeslotneniya after the previous injection. All these atgrades collectively lead to the formation yn
Infiltrate characterized by the formation of seals at the injection site, which is easily determined by palpation (palpation). The patient at the same time feels pain at the injection site, complained that it hurt to lie on his back because of the pain in the buttock.
For the treatment of the patient is recommended infiltratecompress dissolved using 25 percent sulmagnesium veil or 45-degree ethanol. It can cause a 5 percent solution of iodine in the form
mesh in place of infiltration, dry heat of 15 michickpeas (warmer – if allows the physician).
Needle breakage. The reason for this complication may be a sharp contraction of the muscles buttocks during intramuscular injection. It can proradiate, if it was not carried out with the patient psychopreventive conversation before the injection, the patient is afraid of you entrust the implementation of this manipulation, or when the injection is made patsienthe standing.
Help with this complication:
- Reassure the patient and calm yourself;
- if the patient is standing, put him on his stomach, if was in a prone position – ask him not to move;
- strongly breech pin in the injection site 1- second fingers of his left hand;
- when a needle tip grab its Pintsiis gripped in his right hand (repeated several times);
- consult a doctor if this manipulation to extract needles you failed.
Damage to the nerve trunks intramuscular injections are the choice at the wrongD injection site or chemically – when medical preparationown funds is close to the nerve. pascient complains of pain not only in the place injtion, but also in the entire lower extremity. Pain is not aboutwalking for a few days.
Help with this complication:
- dry heat (heating pad) for a few days to 15 minutes (if the patient’s state of health is doctor appoints).
Hot compress.
Hot compress is a long raceextension of the blood vessels, which leads to Uwelichenie blood flow not only to the skin, but also to the deeper located tissues. This is achieved by resolving and analgesic effect kompressa (Fig. 55).
Remember! Hot compress should not be atchange at high temperature, in violation of the integrity of the skin.
Upon application of a compress on the upper finiteNosta you must:
- prepare: vial with a 45-degree alcohol or ampoule 25 percent solution mage sulfateNiya, gauze compress paper, cotton wool, bandages, capacity;
- Wash the hands;
- fold gauze in the 6 – 8 layers;
- Moisten with a 45-degree alcohol capacitance atgotovlennuyu gauze;
- attach soaked cloth in place inprojections;
- Place a cloth compress boomgu larger (on paper should be greater than 2 cm gauze from all directions);
- put on top of paper layer of cotton wool compress, completely covering the two preceding layers (wool should be 2 cm longer compress the paper, so
it will retain the heat generated by compression); - secure a compress bandage so that it fits close to the course, but not displeased motionNij;
- leave a compress on the b – 8 hours (preferably overnight);
- Wash the hands;
- check the degree of humidity lower napkin at 1.5 – 2 hours after blending;
- Wash the hands;
- compress stay at 6 – 8 hours;
- wipe the skin dry;
- apply dry dressing;
- Wash the hands.
Note: drugs Applyemye to compress can cause irritation, therefore, before you put a compress, skin lubricate with vaseline oil.
Alcohol compresses dry quickly, forthat they need to be replaced every 4 – 6 hours.
should not apply the compress to the skin, smazannuyu iodine – this can cause deep burns.
In the formation of infiltration in Iagoditsy after intramuscular injection recsulking apply a compress and fix it leikoplastyrem.
- Preparation method: B – 8-layer gauze compress paper, cotton wool, bandages, adhesive tape;
- Wash the hands;
- to moisten the tissue in the container 4 5 degree alcohol;
- wring out and attach to seal a place in andomain buttocks;
- put a napkin on top compress paper 2 cm longer gauze;
- put on top of paper layer of cotton wool compress to 2 cm longer compress paper completely onkryvayuschy two preceding layers;
- Place a compress bandage segment, withkryv their wool, and secure on all four sides with a plaster;
- wear underwear, if the patient can DWIgatsya;
- Wash the hands;
- check the degree of humidity lower napkin at 1.5 – 2 hours after overlay, opening one of the corners of the dressing;
- Wash the hands;
- compress stay at 6 – 8 hours;
- wipe dry the skin at the site of the complex overlayRess;
- Wash the hands.
Cold compress.
A cold compress is applied with strong boLyakh when bleeding at high temperature (above 39 ° C). It causes a cooling of the skin and suvoltage of blood vessels. When applying coldFoot compress caring for a patient not dollarswives absent as napkins change should be carried out every 2 – 3 minutes. Durationtelnost procedure – from 5 to 60 minutes.
Prepare: a container of cold water temperature 14 – 16 ° C (cooled in a refrigerator), 2 salfetki:
- to moisten the tissue in cold water;
- squeeze water;
- to fold a napkin in several layers;
- put a napkin on the surface of the skin;
- moisten the tissue in a second container with cold
water; - squeeze water;
- to fold a napkin in several layers;
- replace the first sheet (if it is hot)
Note: press the cloth is better that it is not leaking from the water on the pillow or the bed of the patient.
Bubble with ice.
For a more profound impact on blood vessels, organsus and tissue pain, bleeding, apply puzyr with ice. Action due to the dry cold vasoconstriction, as well as reducingem sensitivity of nerve receptors. Prepare: bubble ice, an ice container, a container of water temperature 14 – 16 ° C:
- place ice packs on the smooth topNosta and screw the lid;
- bubble wrap cloth and place it on the patient’s body;
Drain water from the bladder to the extent of melting;
add ice cubes in a bubble.
Note: if there is no bubble for ice, you can prepare two plastic bags, putting one into the other. Fill the bags with ice, lay on a flat surface. Crushing pack LadoNew, release him from the air, tie tightly, the chiefNita cloth and use it as an ice pack. As the ice melts change packages. Ice packs keep a long time. Every 20 – 30 minutes is necessary to remove the bladder or bag with ice for 10 – 15 minutes.